Water is one of the essential nutrients for pets. It participates in the body's metabolism, regulates endocrine functions, maintains the normal shape of cells, and regulates body temperature through evaporation.

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for pets and are widely present in plant-based feed, including monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, starch, cellulose, etc.

Lipids are an important source of energy, constituting the main components of cells and tissues, promoting the absorption and utilization of fat-soluble vitamins, and having a heat-insulating effect.

Protein is the foundation of an animal's life activities. It constitutes various tissues, organs and metabolic enzymes. Lack of protein can lead to decreased appetite, weight loss, weakened immunity, etc.

Vitamins are the trace organic compounds that pets need to maintain normal physiological functions. They are involved in metabolic processes. A deficiency of vitamins can lead to various health problems.

Including calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, and sulfur, these elements exist in the pet's body in the form of complex inorganic compounds or organic compounds, and participate in various physiological functions.

Including iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, selenium, iodine, fluorine, etc. These elements have relatively low concentrations in pets' bodies, but they are crucial for maintaining health.

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. Pets need to obtain essential amino acids through their diet to maintain normal growth and metabolic functions.